rust: device: Implement accessors for firmware properties

Add methods to FwNode for reading several firmware property types like
strings, integers and arrays.

Most types are read with the generic `property_read` method. There are
two exceptions:

* `property_read_bool` cannot fail, so the fallible function signature
  of `property_read` would not make sense for reading booleans.

* `property_read_array_vec` can fail because of a dynamic memory
  allocation. This error must be handled separately, leading to a
  different function signature than `property_read`.

The traits `Property` and `PropertyInt` drive the generic behavior
of `property_read`. `PropertyInt` is necessary to associate
specific integer types with the C functions to read them. While
there is a C function to read integers of generic sizes called
`fwnode_property_read_int_array`, it was preferred not to make this
public.

Tested-by: Dirk Behme <[email protected]>
Co-developed-by: Rob Herring (Arm) <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Rob Herring (Arm) <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Remo Senekowitsch <[email protected]>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
[ Properly include kernel::device::private::Sealed; add explicit type
  annotations for core::mem::transmute(). - Danilo ]
Signed-off-by: Danilo Krummrich <[email protected]>

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