diff --git a/lang/qt/src/qgpgmerefreshsmimekeysjob.cpp b/lang/qt/src/qgpgmerefreshsmimekeysjob.cpp
index 1cb7abe3..81257d55 100644
--- a/lang/qt/src/qgpgmerefreshsmimekeysjob.cpp
+++ b/lang/qt/src/qgpgmerefreshsmimekeysjob.cpp
@@ -44,8 +44,11 @@
 #include "qgpgme_debug.h"
 
 #include "context.h"
+#include <key.h>
 
 #include <QByteArray>
+#include <QMetaObject>
+#include <QProcess>
 #include <QStringList>
 
 #include <gpg-error.h>
@@ -81,6 +84,31 @@ GpgME::Error QGpgMERefreshSMIMEKeysJob::start(const QStringList &patterns)
     return startAProcess();
 }
 
+GpgME::Error QGpgMERefreshSMIMEKeysJob::start(const std::vector<GpgME::Key> &keys)
+{
+    if (keys.empty()) {
+        QMetaObject::invokeMethod(this, [this]() {
+            Q_EMIT slotProcessExited(0, QProcess::NormalExit);
+        }, Qt::QueuedConnection);
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    const bool gotWrongKeys = std::any_of(std::begin(keys), std::end(keys), [](const auto &k) {
+        return k.protocol() != GpgME::CMS;
+    });
+    if (gotWrongKeys) {
+        qCDebug(QGPGME_LOG) << "Error: At least one of the keys is not an S/MIME key";
+        return GpgME::Error::fromCode(GPG_ERR_INV_VALUE);
+    }
+
+    QStringList fprs;
+    fprs.reserve(keys.size());
+    std::transform(std::begin(keys), std::end(keys), std::back_inserter(fprs), [](const auto &k) {
+        return QString::fromLatin1(k.primaryFingerprint());
+    });
+    return start(fprs);
+}
+
 #if MAX_CMD_LENGTH < 65 + 128
 #error MAX_CMD_LENGTH is too low
 #endif
diff --git a/lang/qt/src/qgpgmerefreshsmimekeysjob.h b/lang/qt/src/qgpgmerefreshsmimekeysjob.h
index 8ed0b379..aa2d5b73 100644
--- a/lang/qt/src/qgpgmerefreshsmimekeysjob.h
+++ b/lang/qt/src/qgpgmerefreshsmimekeysjob.h
@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ public:
     /* from RefreshKeysJob */
     GpgME::Error start(const QStringList &patterns) Q_DECL_OVERRIDE;
 
+    GpgME::Error start(const std::vector<GpgME::Key> &keys) override;
+
 private Q_SLOTS:
     /* from Job */
     void slotCancel() Q_DECL_OVERRIDE;
diff --git a/lang/qt/src/refreshkeysjob.h b/lang/qt/src/refreshkeysjob.h
index c4ba74a0..b6978060 100644
--- a/lang/qt/src/refreshkeysjob.h
+++ b/lang/qt/src/refreshkeysjob.h
@@ -73,19 +73,20 @@ public:
     ~RefreshKeysJob();
 
     /**
-      Starts the keylist operation. \a pattern is a list of patterns
+      Starts the refresh operation. \a pattern is a list of patterns
       used to restrict the list of keys returned. Empty patterns are
       ignored. If \a pattern is empty or contains only empty strings,
-      all keys are returned (however, the backend is free to truncate
-      the result and should do so; when this happens, it will be
-      reported by the reult object).
+      all keys are refreshed.
 
-      If \a secretOnly is true, only keys for which the secret key is
-      also available are returned. Use this if you need to select a
-      key for signing.
+      Only implemented for S/MIME.
     */
     virtual GpgME::Error start(const QStringList &patterns) = 0;
 
+    /**
+      Starts a refresh of the \a keys.
+    */
+    virtual GpgME::Error start(const std::vector<GpgME::Key> &keys) = 0;
+
 Q_SIGNALS:
     void result(const GpgME::Error &error);
 };